What are capital decks?

Capital decks refer to raised outdoor platforms or decking structures, typically elevated above ground level and supported by posts, beams, or other structural elements. In Ottawa construction terminology, this usually means any deck that requires structural support beyond simple ground-level installation.

Capital decks are distinguished from ground-level patios or floating decks because they require more substantial engineering and construction. These elevated structures need proper footings below the frost line (4 feet deep in Ottawa), structural posts, and engineered beam systems to safely support the load. The term "capital" emphasizes the significant investment and structural importance of these installations.

Common types of capital decks in Ottawa homes include second-story decks attached to walkout basements, elevated decks over sloped yards, and multi-level deck systems that maximize outdoor living space. Given Ottawa's terrain and the prevalence of split-level and two-story homes in neighborhoods like Kanata, Barrhaven, and Orleans, many homeowners opt for elevated decking to create usable outdoor space that connects with their main living areas.

Ottawa's climate presents specific challenges for capital deck construction. The significant freeze-thaw cycles require footings to extend below the 4-foot frost line, and the structural design must account for snow loads that can exceed 40 pounds per square foot. Materials need to withstand temperature swings from -30°C to +35°C, making composite decking and pressure-treated lumber popular choices for longevity.

Building permits are required for most capital decks in Ottawa, especially those over 24 inches high or attached to the house structure. The City of Ottawa Building Code Services (613-580-2424) typically processes deck permits within 10-15 business days, with fees ranging from $200-500 depending on size and complexity. The permit ensures proper structural design, safe railing heights (42 inches minimum), and appropriate spacing for balusters.

Professional installation is strongly recommended for capital decks due to the structural engineering requirements, permit process, and safety considerations. A poorly constructed elevated deck poses serious safety risks and liability issues. Licensed contractors understand Ottawa's building codes, soil conditions, and can ensure proper drainage to prevent ice buildup that could damage the structure.

Next steps for homeowners considering a capital deck include getting a site assessment to determine the best location and height, obtaining quotes from licensed contractors, and applying for the necessary building permit before construction begins.